高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法：高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)竅門(3)

　　限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

　　一.兩者的區(qū)別: 見(jiàn)下表

　　形式

　　作用

　　譯法

　　限定性定語(yǔ)從句

　　無(wú)逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)

　　修飾限定作用, 即不可缺少的定語(yǔ)

　　其譯文常位于先行詞之前, 并體現(xiàn)“的”

　　非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

　　有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)

　　附加、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整

　　常將其譯成一個(gè)和主句并列的分句

　　二.關(guān)系詞的用法: 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo), 并且關(guān)系詞在任何情況下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在關(guān)系詞的使用上, 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與限定性定語(yǔ)從句完全相同

　　三.示例:

　　a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.

　　b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.

　　c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.

　　d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake.

　　e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.

　　f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.

　　四.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:

　　1.as / which都可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句, as / which是關(guān)系代詞, 指代主句中所提到的某種情況, 它們的不同點(diǎn)是:

　　①.as引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后

　　②. as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意

　　a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

　　b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

　　c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.

　　常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題

　　一.定語(yǔ)從句還原法: 試題中有很多有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的, 這類題往往需選擇引導(dǎo)詞部分. 做好這類題的關(guān)鍵首先是要有這樣的觀念: 定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于這一點(diǎn), 我們可以用“還原法”來(lái)檢驗(yàn)定語(yǔ)從句是否正確, 即把定語(yǔ)從句還原成為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句. 具體做法是:

　　①.第一步: 替換. 將關(guān)系代詞直接替換成先行詞, 如果是關(guān)系副詞, 先替換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞, 再將關(guān)系代詞替換成先行詞

　　②.第二步: 調(diào)整, 即調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 看能否構(gòu)成一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句

　　例如, 還原以下例句a中的定語(yǔ)從句的過(guò)程是: 先將that / which替換成先行詞the park, 再調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 就能得到一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 還原以下例句b中的定語(yǔ)從句的過(guò)程是: 先將where替換成in which, 再將which替換成先行詞the park, 再調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 就得到一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句: We once played for a whole day in the park.

　　a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?

　　b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?

　　c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?

　　d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?

　　二.分隔定語(yǔ)從句: 定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后, 但有時(shí)也被分隔開(kāi)來(lái), 在閱讀時(shí)要注意根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)分辨先行詞是什么

　　a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.

　　b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE.

　　①.as引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后

　　②. as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意

　　a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

　　b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

　　c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.