高中外研版必修一Module5重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ)、句型、語(yǔ)法

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單詞

liquid ['likwid] n. 液體

expand [ik'spænd] vi.膨脹

contract ['kɒntrækt] vi.收縮

substance ['sʌbstəns] n. 物質(zhì)

mixture ['mikstʃə] n.混合物

oxygen ['ɒksədʒən] n. 氧氣

electricity [ˌilek'trisiti] n. 電

stage [steidʒ] n. 階段；時(shí)期

conclusion [kən'klu:ʒən] n. 結(jié)論

aim [eim] n. 目標(biāo)；目的

reaction [ri'ækʃən] n. 反應(yīng)

electrical [i'lektrikəl] adj.與電有關(guān)的；用電的

equipment [i'kwipmənt] n. 設(shè)備；裝備

react [ri'ækt] vi.(化學(xué))反應(yīng)

potassium [pə'tæsiəm] n. 鉀

sodium ['səudiəm] n. 鈉

calcium ['kælsiəm] n. 鈣

magnesium [mæg'ni:ziəm] n. 鎂

aluminium [ˌælju'miniəm] n. 鋁

zinc [ziŋk] n. 鋅

partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] adj.部分的；局部的

copper ['kɒpə] n. 銅

oxide ['ɒksaid] n. 氧化物

rust [rʌst] vi. 生銹

boil [bɒil] vt. 煮沸

ordinary ['ɒ:dinəri] adj. 普通的；平常的

steam [sti:m] n. 蒸汽；水氣

float [fləut] vi.漂浮

form [fɒ:m] vi.形成

dissolve [di'zɒlv] vt. 溶解；分解；分離

balance ['bæləns] n. 天平

crucible ['kru:sibl] n. 坩鍋

tongs [tɒŋz] n. (復(fù))夾子；小鉗子

flame [fleim] n. 火焰

facility [fə'siliti] n. (常作復(fù)數(shù))設(shè)備；工具

lecture ['lektʃə] n. 演講

department [di'pɑ:tmənt] n. (大學(xué)的)科、系

astonished [ə'stɒniʃt] adj. 吃驚的；驚愕的

短語(yǔ)

add…to… 往……加入……

in the area of 在……領(lǐng)域

be proud of 為……感到驕傲/自豪

be supposed to 應(yīng)當(dāng)；理應(yīng)

a report on 關(guān)于……的報(bào)道

as ... as 與……一樣

mix A and/ with B together 把A與B混在一起

mix A into B 把A加入B

a mixture of... ……的混合物

a quarter/a half 四分之一/一半

three quarters四分之三

two fifths五分之二

point seven one 零點(diǎn)七一

the same as 和……一樣

put...in order 把……整理好

10 meters long 10米長(zhǎng)

draw/arrive at/reach/get to / come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論

electrical equipment電器設(shè)備

a set of /some equipment 一套/一些設(shè)備

A be equipped with B 用B裝備A

react with與……發(fā)生反應(yīng)

react to 對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)

have a slow/fast reaction with 與……發(fā)生慢的/快的反應(yīng)

at the top/bottom(of) 在……頂部/底部

find out找出

leave with the tube for a week 與試管一起放一周

keep…out of 使……不入內(nèi)

ordinary water 普通的水

much/a lot/a great deal/ far /a bit/ a little /still / even / yet +bigger 更大

no more than/ no more…than僅僅/ 和……一樣不（兩者都不）

not more than/not more…than 不超過(guò)/不如……（前者不如后者）

a bigger apple一個(gè)更大的蘋果

It’s your turn to do 該輪到你做……

go ahead 干吧！用吧！

used to do過(guò)去常常做……

be used to doing習(xí)慣于做……

be used to do 被用來(lái)做……

the last equipment 最新的設(shè)備

four times a term一學(xué)期四次

make a discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)

first-class scientists一流的科學(xué)家

in the last twenty years在最后20年

win the Nobel Prize獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)

句型

1. What conclusions do you draw from the evidence you’ve heard?

你從你聽到的證據(jù)中得出什么結(jié)論？

2. In conclusion/To conclude, I would like to thank everybody who helped me.

最后，我要感謝所有幫助過(guò)我的人。

3. The measures are aimed at stopping the river from being further polluted.

這些措施旨在阻止河流遭受進(jìn)一步的污染。

4. He studied hard, aiming to pass the entrance exam.

為了通過(guò)入學(xué)考試，他努力學(xué)習(xí)。

5. The old man has formed the habit of getting up early every morning.

這位老人已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了每天早晨早起的習(xí)慣。

6. Try to achieve a better balance between work and play.

爭(zhēng)取把工作和娛樂(lè)更好地結(jié)合起來(lái)。

7. You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.

你得權(quán)衡一下住在鄉(xiāng)下的好處和壞處。

8. Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.

各色陽(yáng)傘給夏日街頭平添了活潑的氣氛。

9. Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down.

五分之三的樹已被砍了。

10. One-third of the sugar was used to make the cake.

制作蛋糕用了三分之一的糖。

語(yǔ)法歸納

形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)

考點(diǎn)一：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法

1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as…

▶ Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

▶ The dining room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐廳是廚房的兩倍大。

2.倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than…

▶ Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我們學(xué)校是你們學(xué)校的兩倍大。

3.倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size，height，length，width，etc.)+of…

▶ The new building is three times the height of the old one. 這座新樓是那座舊樓的三倍高。

▶ This stone bridge is twice the length of the wood one. 這座石橋是那座木橋的兩倍長(zhǎng)。

4.倍數(shù)+as many/much+名詞+as…

▶ He has got three times as many books as his younger sister. 他的書比他妹妹的多兩倍。

5.倍數(shù)+what從句

▶ The price of the house this year is twice what it was last year. 今年的房?jī)r(jià)是去年房?jī)r(jià)的兩倍。

6. increase/fall等增減性動(dòng)詞+by+倍數(shù)

▶ Compared with last year, our coal output has increased by three times. 與去年相比，我們的煤產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了三倍。

7.倍數(shù)+compared with+被比較對(duì)象

▶ The number of the students in our school has increased by four times compared with 1980. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)比1980年增加了四倍。

考點(diǎn)二：形容詞/副詞比較等級(jí)的基本用法

原級(jí)比較

(1)"as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as"表示“和……一樣……”，其否定形式為"not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as"。

▶ He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一樣快。

▶ Li Hua doesn't draw as/so well as Liu Fang. 李華畫畫不如劉芳好。

(2)as+adj.+n.+as

▶ I have as many books as Tom. 我有和湯姆一樣多的書。

▶ Sam drank as much coffee as Mary. 薩姆跟瑪麗喝的咖啡一樣多。

比較級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句式

"形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than"意為"比……更……"。

▶ Yao Ming is taller than Michael Jordan. 姚明比邁克爾·喬丹高。

▶ She speaks louder than her mother. 她比她媽媽說(shuō)話聲音大。

比較級(jí)的修飾詞

形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)可以用程度副詞來(lái)修飾，常見(jiàn)的此類副詞(詞組)有a bit, a little, far, much, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even等。

▶ The girl has made far greater progress than her classmates. 這個(gè)女孩的進(jìn)步比她同學(xué)的大得多。

▶ Are you feeling any better today? 你今天感覺(jué)好點(diǎn)兒了嗎?

考點(diǎn)三：比較級(jí)的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)

1."比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)"/"more and more+原級(jí)"表示"越來(lái)越……"。

▶ It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天來(lái)了，天氣越來(lái)越暖和了。

▶ Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的學(xué)校越來(lái)越美麗了。

2. "the+比較級(jí)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)), the+比較級(jí)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))"表示"越……，越……"。

▶ The sooner, the better. 越快越好。

3. "the+比較級(jí)+of the two …"表示"兩者中較……的那一個(gè)"。

▶ She is the taller of the two sisters. 她是姐妹倆中較高的那一個(gè)。

4. "否定詞+比較級(jí)"表示最高級(jí)含義。

▶ I have never seen a stranger bird. 這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最奇怪的鳥。

5. "more than+從句"表示"超出……的范圍"。

▶ The noise is more than I can put up with. 這種噪音我忍受不了。